I didnt find any assessment as  much difficult. The second assignment was bit long and it took some time to finish it.Rest everything was ok.

2. What was difficult about it and how would you suggest it could be improved?

Nothing was difficult but it was little long.I would suggest to make it little short.

3. Name three (3) things you learnt this term in COIS20025.

Structural method and object oriented method

Feasibility

Normalising

4.  What career are you working towards?

I would like to become a system analyst.

5. How will you be able to use the knowledge and skills learnt in this course in your future career?

I will be able to use the skills i learnt in this course by implementing my ideas and my knowlwdge into the firm i will be working.

Corrective maintenance:

It diagonise and fix logic errors,Replace defective net work cabling,restore proper configuration settings,debug program code,update drivers and install software patch.It support staff can respond to errors in various ways,depending on the nature and severity of the problem.

Adaptive maintenance:

It can add online capability,create new reports,add new data entry fied to input screen,it installs links to website and it can create employee portal.

Perfective Maintenance:

It can install additional memory,it can write macros to handle repetitive tasks,it can compress system files,it can optimise user desktop settings,it can develop library for code reuse and install more powerful net work server.  

Preventive maintenance:

It can install new anti virus software,develop standard backup schedule,implement regular de fragmentation process, analzse problem report for patterns and tighten all cable connections.

Direct cut over:

   The direct cut over approach causes the change over from the old system to the new system to occur immedietly when the new system becomes operational.Direct cut over is the least expensive change over method.This method involves more risk.Timing is very importanat when usina a direct cut over method.Most system operate on weekly monthly and and yearly cycles.When a cycle information system is implemented in the middle of any cycle ,complete processing for the full cycle requires information from both the old and new systems.

Parallel operation:

The parellel operation change over method requirs both the old and new system operate fully for a specicfied period.data is input into both systems, and output generated by the new systewm is compared with the equivalent out put from the old system.

Pilot Operation:

The pilot operation change over method involves implementing the complete new system at a selected location of the company.The group that using the new system first is called pilot site.During pilot operation the old system operatwes for the entire organisation including the pilot site.Pilot operation is akind of semi parellel operation that combines the parellel operation and direct cut over methods.

Phased operation:

The phased operation method allows us to implement the new system in stages,or modules.  instead of implementing a new manufacturing system all at once,we might first install the materials management subsystem then then the production cintrol sub system then the job cost sub system.One advantage of phased approach is that the risk of errors or failures is limited to the implemented module.

In this book the author is described about the object oriented develpoment in information system.A revolutionary change in in the 1970s, object oriented development wasa revolutionary change in 1980s.In fact,companies had a choice .They could choose the evolutionary approach of case or the revolutionary approach of 00 development caught on in the early 1980s because of the PC the graphical user interfaces were developed using onjects.

Gray paul,King, william R.,McLean, Ephraim R.,Watson ,Hugh J” Managing IS Application Development” Management of Information Systems 2nd edition(1994):247

In this paragraph this author is mentioning about the SDLC method,

One approach recognises that software is a product that, loke all products,has a life cycle.That is an application starts from an idea and then proceeds through a series of feasibility and design studies that lead to programming,testing,and implementation.once implemented the software is maintained and improvedThe life cycle approach is an extended one ,involving considerable planning and often taking years between problem identification and implementation

Shelly,B, Cashman,J,Rosenblatt,J 2006,Object Oriented database,System Analysis and Design 6^th edition,340

In this paragraph the author is mentioning about the object oriented database,

Ten years ago,virtually all information systems were designed and implemented as relational data base or file processing system.As object oriented analysis became popular during the late 1990s some analysts began to describe in terms of objects.Today many system developers are using object oriented database design as a natural extension of the object oriented analysis process.Some IT professionals believe that OODBS will have a major impact and might eventually replace the relational approach.

    The one way the traditional and object-oriented approach to information system comes similar in the method of research.

     Because in research method both the approaches are similar.In traditional method the system collects all the proccesses that transform the data.In object oriented method the system collects all the interacting objects.In this way they are similar to information systems.

2.Name one way that the traditional and object-oriented approaches to information systems development are different. Explain how they are different.

     Traditional and object-oriented approaches are different in the way they are implemented.

In traditional method the system is a collection of proccesses which includes data organisation and structure.But in object-oriented method the system is a collection of objects which affects other objects.In traditional method the proccess interacts with data entities.In object-oriented method the object interact with other objects.In this way they are different to information system development.

D.V.D Supplies 1.0

D.V.D Rental 2.0

Customer Record 3.0

Customer order 4.0

Stock Record 5.0

DVD

Customer Enquiry

Enquiry of the customer about the D.V.Ds they have in the rental shop.About the new DVD s arrived in the shop and the stock they are having at the moment and how long the customer can rent the DVD etc.

Taking the orders from the customer and storing it in the rental system.According to the order the staffs have to provide DVDs.

Report about the storage of DVDs

Report

Providing the description of the DVDs to the customers.

Sending the confirmation to the customers according to the availability of their orders.

The report of storage of DVDs to the storage.

DVD Supplies

Supplying of DVDS to the DVD Store

Renting of DVD to the customer.In this we have to look for customer ID. Name,Address etc.

Customer

 

Maintaining the record of the customer ID, Name, Address.Recording the type of DVDs each customer has been taken.

Customer Order

 

This is a proccess of taking orders from the customers according to their needs and renting them the DVD for certain period.Before renting the DVD the customer has to privide their Id ,name and Address.

DVD Stock Record

 

This is the proccess of recording the DVD stock.The stock should be updated all the time .New DVDs to be stocked separately and old DVDs aswell.Should have a record of rented DVDs and DVDs on stock.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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The traditional approach to system development is through structured analysis.Structured  analysis uses a series of phases called the system development life cycle (SDLC)This can be the modern method which use in the CHIS  in the third world countries to improve the method of storing the information datas like the history of children.About their diseases and the vaccination they have been used.

The system development life cycle contains five steps which are

System planning

System analysis

System designing

System implementation

System operations.

 System Planning in CHIS 

System planning starts with a formal request to the IT department called system request,that  describes problems or desired changes in an information system.The purpose of this phase is to perform a preliminary investigation to identify the nature and scope of the business opportunity or problem.The main part of the preliminary investigation is a feasibility study that benefits and recommends a course of action based on operational,technical,economical and time factors.By applying the system planning in CHIS we can identify the problems such as lack of information about the vaccines they have used before and lack of  identyfing and recording the weight of children.Purpose of visit and date they have visited last time.

 System Analysis 

The purpose of system analysis is to build a logical model of the new system.The first step is requirement modeling which means to find out and document what the new system must do.To understand the new system we have to do fact finding techniques such as interviews, surveys ,document reviews..we can use the fact finding results to build data ,process model and object model.The end product is known as system requirement document .This describes the user requirements, cost and benefits and  development strategies.By applying this system inCHIS we analyse the problems in the datas and the information system and  we can build a new system .

 System Design  

System design means to create a blue print that will satisty all documented requirements for the system.In this case we have to design the user interface and identify all necessary outputs, inputs and processes.more than that we have to design internal and external controls to guarantee that the system will be reliable,accurate, maintainable and secure.By applying this in CHIS we have to design all inputs and outputs means the datas like all the information about the children, name of the vaccines.we need to design inputs about the common diseases children can occur,the vaccines for that etc.

 System Implementation 

System implementation means a new system is constructed.The objective is to deliver a completely functioning and documented information system.Final preparations include converting data to the new system”s file and performing the actual transition to the new system.In CHIS  the system implementation is by converting the datas to the new system like adding all details about the children, their weight,their diseases,their history of vaccination,vaccines used by them etc.The system implement phase also include assessment called system evaluation to find out whether the system operates properly and if the cost and benefits are within expectations.

 SystemOperation,Support and Security 

This is to support the system.This system enhancement provides new features and benefits.Security controls safeguard the system from both external and internal threats,It also helps from entering other to oue personnel files.According to CHIS the security is important because the health department will be the only one who can access to the system, because the diseases should be secret and it should not be seen my anyone other than the nurses or doctors from the health department.

Reference:  Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman, Harry J. Rosenblatt,  System Analysis and Design,  Sixth edition, Shelly, PP 16-24

2.What is the object oriented approach to the system development?

Object oriented analysis combines data and the processes that act on the data into things called objects.The result is a set of  software objects that represent  actual people,things,transactions and events.Using 0-0 language the programmer then writes the code that creates the objects.Objects possess characteristics called properties.

 One object can send information to another object by using a message eg, an ORDER object might send amessage to a cutomer  object that requests a shipping address.when it receives the message the CUSTOMER object supplies the information.The ORDER object has the capability to send the message.and the CUSTOMER  object knows what actions to perform when it receives the message.0-0 method is popular because it is flexible,efficient and provides an easy transition to 0-0 programming languages.

The object oriented approach to system development can apply in CHIS.There are different methods for applying system development.

 Planning 

If we are using 0-0 method we have to follow a series of steps.

  Involve the users throughout the process 

Users are involved in the development process.Modelling and prototyping can help you understand your needs and develop a better system.we can develop a better system in CHIS my involving users through out process.

 Listening Is Very Important 

Listening system is the one that meets users needs most effectively.we have to interact with the users,by interviews and face to face communications.

 Create a Timetable With Major Milestones 

Identify major milestones for project review and assessment.At those milestones managers and system developers must decide whether to proceed with the project.If we apply this in CHIS 0-0 analysis involves a continues modeling process that also requires checkpoints and project review.about the CHIS.

 Identify Interim Checkpoints 

Interim check points between major milestones to ensure that the project remains on schedule.An example means completion of interviews conducted during a preliminary investigation.

 Remain Flexible 

We have to be flexible with the plan.Overlap often exists between the phases of systems planning analysis, design and inplementataion.The ability to overlap phases is especially important when you are working on a system that must be developed rapidly.

 Develop Accurate Cost and Benefit Information 

Provide accurate and reliable cost and benefit information .Managers need to know the cost of developing and operating a system.while starting you must provide specific estimates.

This are the steps for object oriented approach to the system development.

Reference:  Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman, Harry J. Rosenblatt,  System Analysis and Design,  Sixth edition, Shelly, PP 16-24

3.What text books ,journals,and /or websites might be useful to search for articles about comparing and contrasting the traditional and object oriented  approach to the system development?

 Traditional System 

Traditional system is easy to understand

It shows data and process as separate components

System Development life Cycle is traditional system development technique

Traditional system comes with planning ,analyse, design, implement.

 O-O analysis 

It’s a new type of strategy.

In O-O analysis it combines data and process which act on the data into a thing called object.

O-O method hass been made in processes called methods can change an objects property.

O-O method is flexible,efficient, and provides an easy  transition to O-O programming languages.

Reference:  Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman, Harry J. Rosenblatt,  System Analysis and Design,  Sixth edition, Shelly, PP 18-19